Distortion of Truth
There's also such phenomenon as distortion of truth. It's a sort of unintentional lie based on a person's ignorance or wrong idea regarding certain facts of the surrounding reality. The consequences of the whole thing can be highly unpredictable and even disastrously devastating.
Distortion of truth may happen as a result of misunderstanding existing among people. These things are very undesirable in people's professional activity because for instance, if a pilot and a person who guides him from earth misunderstand each other (it happens quite often), it may result in a disaster.
That's why distortion of facts based on inability to convey your verbal message to people correctly is at times a very hideous thing. Mastering the art of transferring your information to another person without any possible misunderstandings requires special training as a must.
Distortion of facts in personal sphere is possible as well, the reasons being the similar – either 'mishearance' (God bless gossipers) or insufficient proficiency regarding this or that issue. Garbled personal facts are not as horrible as some misinterpreting situations from the professional sphere.
Indeed, there are people who distort facts on purpose – just because they have their own interest backed by personal motives concentrated at confusing the rest with their maneuvers. In any case, the truth is revealed sooner or later. If the latter option works, then most probably the situation ahs worked in the favour of the devious distorters...